| Abstract – A 20th century style of painting in
which non-representational lines, colors, shapes, and forms replace accurate
visual depiction of objects, landscape, and figures. The subject is often
stylized, blurred, repeated or broken down into basic forms so that it
often expressed in abstract art form.
Art Nouveau – A painting, printmaking, decorative
design, and architectural style developed in England in the 1880s. Art
Nouveau, primarily and ornamental style, was not only a protest against
the sterile Realism, but against the while drift toward industrialization
and mechanization and unnatural artifacts they produced. The style is
characterized by the usage of sinuous, graceful, cursive lines, interlaced
patterns, flowers, plants, insects and other motifs inspired by nature.
Cubism – An art style developed in 1908 by Picasso
and Braque whereby the artist breaks down the natural forms of the subjects
into geometric shapes and creates a new kind of pictorial space. In contrast
to traditional painting styles where the perspective of subject is fixed
and complete, cubist work can portray the subject from multiple perspectives.
Dadaism – An art style founded by Hans Arp in
Zurich after World War I which challenged the established canons of art,
thoughts, morality, etc. Disgusted with the war and society in general,
Dadists expressed their feelings by creating “non-art.” The
term Dada, a nonsense or baby-talk term, symbolizes the loss of meaning
in the European culture. Dada art is difficult to interpret since there
is no common foundation. Since Dadaists did not claim that the objects
they created were art, all objects (including found objects that were
retrieved from waste bins and such), could be incorporated to create
non-art.
Expressionism – An art movement of the early
20th century in which traditional adherence to realism and proportion
was replaced by the artist’s emotional connection to form to emphasize
and express the intense emotion of the artist.
Impressionism – An art movement founded in France
in the last third of the 19th century. Impressionist artists sought to
break up light into its component colors and render its ephemeral play
on various objects. The artist’s vision was intensely centered
on light and the ways it transforms the visible world. This style of
painting is characterized by short brush strokes of bright colors used
to recreate visual impressions of the subject and to capture the light,
climate and atmosphere of the subject: at a specific moment in time.
The chosen colors represent light which is broken down into its spectrum
components and re-combined by the eyes into another color when viewed
at a distance (an optical mixture).
The term was first used in 1874 by journalist ridiculing a landscape
by Monet called Impressionist-Sunrise.
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Bluemner
